Design And Construction Of An Access Controlled Door Using Remote Control And Keypad

ABSTRACT

Traditional lock systems using mechanical lock and key mechanism are being replaced by new advanced techniques of locking system. These techniques are an integration of mechanical and electronic devices and highly intelligent. One of the prominent features of these innovative lock systems is their simplicity and high efficiency.

Such an automatic lock system consists of electronic control assembly which controls the output load through a password. This output load can is door a motor

Here we develop an electronic code lock system using microcontroller, which provides control to the actuating the load. It is a simple embedded system with input from the keyboard and the output being actuated accordingly.

This system demonstrates a remote control and keypad based door lock system wherein once the correct button and code print is entered, the door is opened and the concerned person is allowed access to the secured area. Again if another person arrives it will ask to enter code using the keypad or use remote. If the code entered is wrong or the remote is not available then door would remain closed, denying the access to the person.

CHAPTER ONE

1.1                                                        INTRODUCTION

The security situation in many parts of the world today leaves much to be desired. In Nigeria particularly, the prevalence of armed robbers and other groups that constitute nuisance to the society has led to the loss of lives and properties worth millions of dollars. Many of the attacks that led to the loss have occurred in the homes or in guarded compounds and the attacks took place in spite of the existence of seemingly impregnable security gates that were designed to ward off intruders. The needs for electronically controlled gates that have superior security features to those operated manually thus exist and have been on the increase in recent times.

This device consist of a keypad, infrared transmitter and receiver, Electromagnetic lock or door strike. Power supply system and a push button. To use this system, the authorized pin user when approach the door will just have to use the key or remote. Once the correct pin or correct remote is present to the system, through an interface the locking / door holding devices will be de-energized and then the door opens. A power back-up unit will be incorporated into most access control system; this will act as standby power in the event there is a power outage. For certain safety requirement a break glass is incorporated into the system for emergency release of the door.

The system that has been designed in this work uses micro controllers, keypad and remote pair as major components. A microcontroller is programmed to decode a given sequence of keys that is entered on a keypad; the microcontroller commands a transmitter module to send out this code as signal at a given a device. Upon reception of this activates a driver circuitry to operate the gate automatically. Some advantages of the system include:

(i) It does not need close contact to control the gate; the control can be done from inside the car at a distance.

(ii) It operates as a stand-alone system and does not require a network provider for reception of signals.

(iii) The use of a keypad to generate the code necessary for the opening and closing of the gate enhances the security of the system since it requires very many trials by an intruder to succeed in breaking into the system.

(iv)The features of the system that are controlled by the firmware resident in the memory of the microcontrollers can be easily improved for future upgrade.

(v) It has two different access controlled unit that is, using remote and keypad.

1.2                                             OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The main objective of this project is to develop an embedded system, which is used to verify and authenticate the authorized person entering a restricted room or area. This verification is done via keypad and remote.

1.3                                              PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

Main purpose of the Access Control is to begin with – protect physical, and human assets. This requires restricting unauthorized people from reaching pre-defined areas. This security can be achieved by using remote and finger print when the user approaches the entrance door where the access controlled door is been used.

1.4                                              BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT

• Control Access based on User, distance and Time
• Secure Sensitive Areas with Advanced Access Control Features

1.5                                          SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

• This project provides security
• Power consumption is less
• Used commonly available components
• Project is simple and easy
• This device makes provision for alternative access for the user. For example if the user forgets the remote, then the finger print can be used to have access to the place he wants to enter.

1.6                                         APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT

·        This simple circuit can be used at residential places to ensure better safety.

• It can be used at organizations to ensure authorized access to highly secured places.
• With a slight modification this Project can be used to control the switching of loads through remote control and keypad.

1.7                                                 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The main component in the circuit is the controller, keypad, and remote transmitter and receiver.

The remote transmitter sends an infrared signal to the receiver that controls the motor which opens or closes a door. While the keypad opens the door once the correct button and code print is entered, the door is opened and the concerned person is allowed access to the secured area. Again if another person arrives it will ask to enter code using the keypad or use remote. If the code entered is wrong or the remote is not available then door would remain closed, denying the access to the person.

1.8                                          LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT

·        It is a low range circuit, i.e. it has limited coverage.

• If there is no power supply and the battery is not charged, it is not possible to open the door.
• IR Transmitter and Receiver require line of sight communication i.e. they need to be facing each other.
• The range of IR communication is less and is reliable for short range and small amounts of data.

1.9                                                  DEFINITION OF TERMS

Secure Area: A designated area in which access into and out of is controlled and can be monitored.

Secure Door: A door in which access through is controlled and can be monitored.

Shielding: Providing electrical isolation for a circuit, component, or wire by enclosing or isolating the circuit, component, or wire with a metal enclosure, plate, or foil that blocks any interfering electrical field.

Short Circuit: An unintentional connection that provides a low resistance path between two points in a circuit or between a point in a circuit and ground. A Short Circuit can drastically affect the operation of a circuit. If excessive current flow results from the Short Circuit, a device may be damaged or ruined.

Spike: A voltage peak of high amplitude and short duration.

Suppression: The addition of a device to an electrical circuit that minimizes or prevents transients from affecting the proper operation of that circuit.

Switch: A device used to either connect or interrupt an electronic circuit.

1.10                                      PROJECT WORK ORGANIZATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to password based automatic door access control system. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of password based automatic door access control system were discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of password based automatic door access control system. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and reference.