Design And Construction Of An Automatic Room Light Controller With Bidirectional Visitor Counter

ABSTRACT

This Project ―”Automatic Room Light Controller with Bidirectional Visitor Counter” is a reliable circuit that takes over the task of controlling the room lights as well us counting number of persons / visitors in the room very accurately. When somebody enters into the room then the counter is incremented by one and the light in the room will be switched ON and when any one leaves the room then the counter is decremented by one. The light will be only switched OFF until all the persons in the room go out. The total number of persons inside the room is also displayed on the seven segment displays. The microcontroller does the above job. It receives the signals from the sensors, and this signal is operated under the control of software which is stored in ROM. Microcontroller AT89S52 continuously monitor the Infrared Receivers. When any object pass through the IR Receiver’s then the IR Rays falling on the receivers are obstructed. This obstruction is sensed by the Microcontroller

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

1.0      INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

1.2      PROBLEM STATEMENT
1.3      AIM OF THE PROJECT
1.4      OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
1.5      SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
1.6      LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
1.7      APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
1.8      SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

1.9     METHODOLOGY

1.10   PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

2.0     LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1      OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY

2.2      DESCRIPTION OF IMPORTANT MODULE OF THE BLOCK

2.3      POWER SUPPLY UNIT

2.4      DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS USED

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY

3.1      SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.2     SYSTEM OPERATION

3.3     CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

3.4     SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.5      CIRCUIT OPERATION

3.6     CODE EXPLANATION

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULT ANALYSIS

4.0      TESTING AND RESULT ANALYSIS

4.1      CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING

4.2      CASING AND PACKAGING

4.3      ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS

4.3      INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLETED DESIGN

4.5      HOW TO PLACE THESE SENSORS ON DOOR

4.6      RESULT

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1      CONCLUSION

5.2      RECOMMENDATION

5.3      REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION

1.1                                           BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

It is true the technical studies cannot be perfect without practical training and perfection is basic necessity of a student. A technical student is like a coin. It has two sides; one is theoretical knowledge and the other practical knowledge. Both are important, but practical knowledge is more important. With the wide spread of electronics in day to day bidirectional visitor counters is used count that how many persons in the auditorium, hall, room, offices, malls, sports venue, etc. Whole circuit has been explained in simple language with their operation & working. We are hoped that our project would prove helpful to common persons, also in helpful in world that develops the new technology day per day.

Automatic room light controller with bidirectional visitor counter. The objective of this project is to make a controller based model to count number of persons visiting particular room and accordingly light up the room. Here we can use sensor and can know present number of persons. In today’s world, there is a continuous need for automatic appliances .with the increase in standard of living; there is a sense of urgency for developing circuits that would ease the complexity of life. Also if at all one wants to know the number of people present in room so as not to have congestion, this circuit proves to be helpful [Camenzind, Hans 1966] .

The objective of this project is to make a controller based model to count number of persons visiting particular room and accordingly light up the room. Here we can use sensor and can know present number of persons. In today’s world, there is a continuous need for automatic appliances with the increase in standard of LiviSng, there is a sense of urgency for developing circuits that would ease the complexity of life also if at all one wants to know the number of people present in room so as not to have congestion. This circuit proves to be helpful, automatic room light controller with bidirectional visitor counter is a reliable circuit that takes over the task of counting number of persons/ visitors in the room passing through a single door and also turns on the room light when there is at-least one person in the room and turns off when the room is empty. The total number of persons inside the room is displayed on seven segment display. We can use any other appliance like fan or anything else instead of the light.

1.2                                                  PROBLEM STATEMENT

This device came to solve the problem associated with manual control of a room light which involves labour, time wasting and waste of electrical energy. And also came to solve the problem of counting the number of people in a room. Counting of number of people in a room is always difficult task and sometimes error occurs during the counting. This device automatically controls the room light, and at the same time counts the number of people in a room [Camenzind, Hans 1966] .

1.4                                             OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The objective of this project is to make a controller which can sense if any person enters the room and it lights up the room automatically and also counts how many people are entering the room or going out of it. It is made to unwanted prevent electric power waste in schools, colleges, offices and houses. This whole process is operated totally automatically by its sensors

1.5                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

This project is not limited to a specific application or a specific operating environment, but it can be easily implemented wherever such an application is needed. This circuit uses a microcontroller which ensures the flexibility of the circuit, due to which this circuit can easily be integrated or assembled with other modules or circuits where ever required. All the components required are readily available in the market and the circuit is easy to build. The significant feature of this project is that it detects the entry and exit of visitors from a single door itself. The aim of this project is to count the objects (persons) entering and leaving the room and also switch the room light accordingly. If we consider an office or a conference hall or any other room, we need to turn on the lights whenever anybody enters the room. This is true even in the day time at some places like conference halls or offices where a good brightness levels are desired. Also, the lights should be turned off by the last person leaving the room [Camenzind, Hans 1966] .

1.6                                           LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

The problem is, when the first person is entering a room, he should search for switch board and then for the right set of switches among hundreds of switches corresponding to lights fans, etc of the conference hall. This is a daunting task. While leaving the hall, we cannot guarantee that the last person turns off the lights. Even if he attempts to do it, he again faces the problem the first person had faced. We should not expect them to do that work going through the switching rigmaroles. To avoid this problem, we have made a circuit which automatically switches ON/OFF the room light depending on the number of people in the room. This circuit keeps track of number of visitors. If the number of visitors is greater than zero, then it turns ON all the lights. Else, it turns OFF all the lights automatically. It does not require any manual intervention.

1.7                                                 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

This work composes of two sensors. If the sensor 1 is interrupted first then the microcontroller will look for the sensor 2, and if it is interrupted then the microcontroller will increment the count and switch on the relay, if it is first time interrupted. If the sensor 2 is interrupted first then the microcontroller will look for the sensor 1, and if it is interrupted then the microcontroller will decrement the count. When the last person leaves the room then counter goes to 0 and that time the relay will turn off, and light will be turned off.

1.8                                         APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT

• For counting purposes in school, hotel, church or mosque or any public places where the need to know the number of people is paramount important.
• For automatic room light control

1.9                                         METHODOLOGY

To achieve the aim and objectives of this work, the following are the steps involved:

1. Study of the previous work on the project so as to improve it efficiency.
2. Draw a block diagram.

• Test for continuity of components and devices,

1. Design of the system was carried out.
2. Studying of various component used in circuit.
3. Construct of the system circuit.

• Finally, the whole device was cased and final test was carried out.

1.10                        PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to the study. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of the study were discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of this study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.