Implementation Of Solar Panel And Battery

ABSTRACT

The aim of this project is to implement a solar battery backup, using mostly discrete components. The design consists of four stages which include current booster, battery level indicator, battery charge controller and power supply unit. The designed system is very functional, durable, economical, and realisable using locally sourced and affordable components. This work is a prototype of a commercial solar charge controller with protection systems that will prevent damages to the battery associated with unregulated charging and discharging mechanisms.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM OF THE PROJECT
• PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
• METHODOLOGY
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1      OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY

2.2      OVERVIEW OF SOLAR ENERGY

2.3      MAXIMIUM ANGLE OF INCLINATION

2.4      SOLAR PANEL

2.5      HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SOLAR PANEL

2.6      REVIEW OF DIFFERENT PHOTOVOLTAIC MOUNTING SYSTEM

CHAPTER THREE

3.0      METHODOLOGY

3.1      BLOCK DIAGRAM

3.2          BLOCK DESCRIPTION

3.3      REQUIRED TOOLS

3.4      SOLAR SYSTEM COMPONENTS

3.5      SOLAR PANEL INSTALLATION PROCESS

3.6      INSTALLATION CALCULATION

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1      TESTING OF SOLAR PANELS

4.2      SOLAR PANEL MAINTENANCE

4.3      DISCUSSION

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0      CONCLUSION AND RCOMMENDATION

• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION

5.3     REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION

1.1                                           BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Photovoltaic solar systems can be divided into two basic categories – grid connected and off- grid (also called stand alone or isolated) solar systems. The grid connected systems feed the electricity produced by solar panels to the grid using an inverter. When the electricity is needed during night or periods with little sunlight, the energy is taken back from the grid. In isolated systems, the excess electricity is usually stored in batteries during the day and batteries are used to power the appliances in times when photovoltaic panels do not produce enough energy. Solar regulators (also known as charge controllers) play an important role in isolated solar systems [Korenčiak et al, 2011]. Their goal is to ensure the batteries are working optimally, mainly to prevent overcharging (by disconnecting solar panels, when batteries are full) and to prevent too deep discharge (by disconnecting the load when necessary) [Cook,1998]. Battery lifetime reduces drastically due to overcharging and deep discharging. Battery is a very expensive component of a Solar Home System; hence it is necessary to protect batteries from being over charged or deeply discharged. In this regard, a charge controller plays a vital role to protect the battery [Ashiquzzaman et al, 2011].

One of the best ways to get power to remote, off-grid locations in Nigeria, is through Solar Home System (SHS). The system consists of photovoltaic panel, battery, and a solar charge controller. Solar energy is stored into batteries. A solar charge controller regulates the voltage and current that is coming from the solar panels and going to the battery [Neha, 2013]. The charge controller is a switching device that controls the charging and discharging of the battery. This will protect the batteries from damage and hence prolong the lifespan of the battery [Kondracki et al, 2014].

1.2                                                  PROBLEM STATEMENT

Using mains supply as a means of charging a battery is unreliable because of the inconsistency of power supply in Nigeria. In order to solve this problem a renewable energy source is used which involved using solar panel to charge battery.

1.3                                                   AIM OF THE PROJECT

The main aim of this study is to interface solar panel with a rechargeable battery thereby providing electric energy that will charge the battery.

1.4                                              PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The main purpose of this study is to use a solar panel to provide a backup energy to the battery, that is, using solar energy to charge a battery.

1.5                                          APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

The method of using renewable energy (solar) as charging source is found useful in appliances such as:

1. Solar Inverter
2. Solar Cell phone charger

• Rechargeable lantern and many other portable devices.

1.6                                         METHODOLOGY

To achieve the aim and objectives of this work, the following are the steps involved:

1. Study of the previous work on the project so as to improve it efficiency.
2. Draw a block diagram.

• Test for continuity of components and devices,

1. Design of the device was carried out.
2. Studying of various component used in circuit.
3. Implementation of the circuit was carried out. The construction of this project includes the placing of components on Vero boards, soldering and connection of components,

• Finally, the whole device was cased and final test was carried out.

1.7                                                         PROJECT ORGANISATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work,   chapter two presents the literature review of the study,  chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.