Construction Of Two Face Industrial Gas Burner

This project which is on the design and fabrication of a two face industrial gas burner is a brief exploration on the various ways and means of designing, construction, operating the two face gas burner, putting cost into consideration for economic advantage. Herein are brief information and literature on industrial gas burner. The properties of the constructional feature and their preference in construction are described. The combustion reaction resulting to the heat liberated is also given. Also, the practical approach in making the construction of a two face gas burner up to this standard is also given and recommendation to improve on the standard is also included in this report.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
• OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• HOW COMBUSTION OCCUR IN BURNER
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
• LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• REVIEW OF THE STUDY
• COMBUSTION MECHANISM/THEORY OF THE GAS BURNER
• ULTMATE ANAYSIS OF THE FUEL GAS
• REQUIREMENT FOR GAS FUEL

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

• COMPONENT PARTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS
• MATERIAL SELECTION

CHAPTER FOUR

• CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE
• SEQUENCE OF OPERATION
• MAINTENANCE OF THE DEVICE
• SAFETY PRECAUTION
• FLOW THROUGH PIPE AND BURNER
• TESTING OF THE DEVICE
• COST OF PRODUCTION AND COST ANALYSIS
• DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
• RESULT DISCUSSION

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION
• REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                     INTRODUCTION

The construction of a two-face industrial gas burner as a project topic that we embark upon become necessary as a way of way of putting into application the engineering and technological knowledge acquired so far. It is a starting point of actualizing a functional technology in the country. Irrespective of the fact that there are several breads of gas burners in the market, especially the ones imported, we deemed it necessary to work further on it as a way of modifying the brand with cast not left out in such modification.

1.1                          BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

A burner is a mechanical device that supplies required amount of fuel and air creates condition for rapid mixing of fuel and air produces a flame which transfers thermal energy to furnace and charge.

In oil burners, oil is atomized into a fine spray by a spray nozzle and air is supplied for combustion in the spray chamber. Alternatively oil may be atomized by high speed air to produce a fine dispersion of droplets into air.

There are liquid fuel and gaseous fuel burners. In liquid fuel burner, oil is heated and atomized either mechanically or by high speed gaseous jet.

This work focuses on a gas burner is a device which is used to generate a flame, in order to heat up products using a gaseous fuel such as acetylene, natural gas, or propane. Some burners have an air inlet to mix the fuel gas with air, to enable complete combustion. Acetylene is commonly used in combination with oxygen.

The gas burner has many applications such as soldering, brazing and welding, the latter using oxygen instead of air for producing a hotter flame, which is required for melting steel. For laboratory uses, a natural-gas fueled Bunsen burner is used. For melting metals with melting points of up to 1100 °C (such as copper, silver, and gold), a propane burner with a natural drag of air can be used.

1.2                          SPECIFICATION OF PROBLEM

In the course of fabricating the two-face industrial gas burner, as a copied project with some propose modification, some condition which ought to be met are found as a standard of comparison with the already existing ones. This posed a difficulty in the course of this construction. Since choice between already existing gas cooker lies on service available, durability, connivance cost.

The following specifications were considered a problem when we started the design.

1. PORTABILITY.

How to fabricate a two-face industrial gas burner that will occupy the minimum space in the kitchen was a problem. A two-face industrial gas burner that is easily to be met in met in our design.

2. To construct a two-face gas industrial burner that will be safe to any prospective user.
3. To constructs a two-face industrial gas burner that will be easy to maintain and wise gas will be free from unpleasant smell.
4. To construct a two-face industrial gas burner whose source of energy (fuel) will be local.

1.3                                             OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The objective of this work is to design a two-faced industrial flaming device which is used to generate a flame, in order to heat up products using a gaseous fuel such as acetylene, natural gas, or propane.

1.4                    HOW COMBUSTION OCCUR IN BURNER

The release of potential energy of fuel by combustion with air requires several

stages, namely.

• Mixing of air and fuel
• Ignition of the mixture
• Chemical reaction
• Disposal of products of combustion from the reaction site so that fresh reactants are available. Except mixing of air and fuel, all other stages are extremely fast such that it is said that if fuel and air are mixed, fuel is burnt. Accordingly mixing is the slowest step in the process of combustion This can be understood by considering that each mole of carbon theoretically requires 1 mole of oxygen for complete combustion. But 1 mole of oxygen is obtained from 4.76 moles of air. That means 3.76 moles of nitrogen are present with 1 Mole of oxygen. Nitrogen is inert and does not take part in combustion therefore mixing of air+ fuel is important.

1.5                          SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

An industrial gas burner is a device which is used to generate a flame, in order to heat up products using a gaseous fuel such as acetylene, natural gas, or propane. Some burners have an air inlet to mix the fuel gas with air, to enable complete combustion. Acetylene is commonly used in combination with oxygen.

1.6                                          APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

The hottest and most efficient of all fuel gases use in gas burner, acetylene (C₂H₂) provides high levels of productivity thanks to good localized heating with a minimum of thermal waste. It also requires the least amount of oxygen to ensure complete combustion. This flammable, colourless gas is lighter than air so does not accumulate at low levels, where it could cause a potential hazard. It is generally supplied dissolved in acetone or DMF (dimethylformamide) in specially designed cylinders to prevent decomposition.

A low flame moisture content makes this fuel gas a good choice for many critical heating processes. Typical applications include flame heating, flame gouging, welding, flame hardening, flame cleaning, flame straightening, thermal spraying, spot-heating, brazing, texturing, profile-cutting, branding wooden pallets, wood-ageing and carbon coating.

Acetylene is the only fuel gas recommended for underground working conditions because it is lighter than air. It is also the only fuel gas, for instance, which can be used to weld steel.

In cutting, oxy-acetylene gives the fastest preheating and piercing times of any fuel gas combination.

Benefits include:

1. Improved cut quality
2. Higher cutting speeds

• Faster cut initiation time

1. Reduced oxygen use.
   • LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
2. this device can be hazardous when not properly handled

it is heavier than other types of gas burner