Design And Construction Of A Water Pump Motor Automatic On/Off Using Float Switch

ABSTRACT

In countries including such as Nigeria, a city water authority supplies the clean water and pumps it into large ground-level storage tanks. A resident’s water pump then pumps the water to a water tank on top of his/her house. When the water level in the ground-level storage tank becomes too low, the pump siphons air and shuts down, requiring a resident to manually prime the water pump to get it running again. Residents struggle to monitor the water level of the tanks effectively and keep the pump running properly. To remedy the issue, the Automatic Water Pump Controller (AWPC) system using float switch was built which monitors the water levels and controls the pump as necessary to prevent breakdown and maximize water storage without overfilling the rooftop tank and wasting water.

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                         INTRODUCTION

1.1                                          BACKGROUNDOF THE PROJECT

The project “automatic water pump control system using float switch” was designed to monitor the level of liquid in the tank thereby controlling the ON/OFF of the water pumping machine depending of the level of water in the tank. The system has an automatic pumping system attached to it so as to refill the tank once the liquid gets to the lower threshold, and OFF the pump once the liquid gets to the higher threshold. Sustainability of available water resource in many reason of the word is now a dominant issue. This problem is quietly related to poor water allocation, inefficient use, and lack of adequate and integrated water management. Water is commonly used for agriculture, industry, and domestic consumption. Therefore, efficient use and water monitoring are potential constraint for home or office water management system. Moreover, the common method of level control for home appliance is simply to start the feed pump at a low level and allow it to run until a higher water level is reached in the water tank. This water level control, controls monitor and maintain the water level in the overhead tank and ensures the continuous flow of water round the clock without the stress of going to switch the pump ON or OFF thereby saving time, energy, water, and prevent the pump from overworking Besides this, liquid level control systems are widely used for monitoring of liquid levels in reservoirs, silos. Proper monitoring is needed to ensure water sustainability is actually being reached with disbursement linked to sensing and automation. This device was build using a float switch. The float switch functions as a sensor which is used for water pump motor automatic on/off.

1.2                                                  PROBLEM STATEMENT

This project is carried out so as to provide a means of reducing stress involved in fetching water, wastage of water and flooding which may result from overfilling of the tank and eventually reduce to minimum, if not eliminating damages to the pumping machine.

1.3                                                  AIMS OF THE PROJECT

The main aim of this work is to build a controlling circuit that controls the water pump motor. The motor gets automatically switch ON when water in the overhead tank (OHT) falls below the lower limit and OFF when the water gets to the upper limit. In this project float switch are place at two different level of the tank (upper and lower level of the tank)

1.4                                            OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

The objective of which the designed device is expected to accomplish is to build an automatic water pump controller using float switch. Other objectives are:

1. To design an automatic water monitoring system.
2. To incorporate an interactive medium between the end user and the machine

• To prevent over labor of the pumping machine and prevent it from getting bad

1. To avoid wastage of water
2. Since the demand of electricity is very high, automatic water level control saves energy

1.5                                              PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The main purpose of designing this device is to avoid water wastage in a tank, overuse of water pump and to reduce the labour of the user.

1.6                                         JUSTIFICATIONOF THE PROJECT

Automatic water level controller using float switch came into existence because of human error and inconsistence that is associated with manually operated water pumping machine. This is because it takes time for individual who is manually operating the water pump to turn off the pumping machine and this may cause water spillage and at times the individual might not know that the water level has drop so low until the tank is completely empty. This was the problem that leads to the development of the ideal of an automatic water level control and automatic pump short down.

1.7                           ADVANTAGES OF WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER

Advantages of automatic water pump ON and OFF using float switch are as follows:

• Suitability: These water level controllers are ideally suited for normal water as well as for ultra low conductivity water with less than 1 micro/moh.
• Easy to Operate: these systems come fitted with sensitivity setting which can be provided externally on a dial or with internal settings.
• Settings: It is equipped with technology which works on low or high sensitivity settings on the same machine and thereby saves costs of buying and using two different machines.
• Materials of Construction: this water control system is protected the against corrosion.
• Safety : This system is highly insulated, leakage proof and works without creating any noise.
• Automatic Water Level Controller (AWLC) will automatically START the pump set as soon as the water level falls below the predetermined level (usually kept half or 2/3rd tank) and shall SWITCH OFF the pump set as soon as tank is full or water level in the lower tank is at below minimum level.
• Save water: The system ensures no overflows or dry running of pump there by saves electricity and water
• Save electricity: Consume very little energy, ideal for continuous operation.

1.7                                       APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

They are useful devices and play an important role in various industries such as automobile, irrigation, and also at homes, or wherever water is pump either underground or overhead.

1.8                                              SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The project was design to automatically control the pump which ensures constant reserve of water in the reservoir. The scope of the design was keep concise and simple to in other not to introduce unnecessary complexities and render it generally uncomfortable. The system does not have attached complex peripheral device which though impossible for the detail printable information has been excluded for reasons of affordability material of low range and less accurate performances as opposed to a well built automatic water pump was used to achieve this aim, the automatic water level controller detect and control the water in the tank using two float switch as the sensor.

This water controller will give you a heads-up the instant over-head tank and underground tank is full or goes below the required level. In this work, automatic water pump controller circuit controls the water pump motor. The motor gets automatically switched ON when water in the overhead tank falls below the lower limit. Similarly, it gets switched OFF when the tank is filled up.

1.10                                         LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
The biggest problem experience during the course of this project is difficulties in finding the design of the project, secondly sourcing of material and component I used for the project were difficult to find such as the float switch

1.11                                      PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to this study. In this chapter, the background, aim, purpose, application, justification, significance, objective limitation and problem of this work was discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.