Human Presence Automated Electric Bulb Switch With Proximity Sensor

ABSTRACT

An automatic electric light switching system with proximity sensor system detects moving objects, particularly people. An automatic security light control and motion detection system is often integrated as a component of a system that automatically performs a task or alerts a user of motion in an area. An automatic electric light switching system with proximity sensor form a vital component of automated lighting control. Its use is to illuminate an area when a person walks by so that he or she can see well. Many people place motion detectors in their backyards or even in their houses so that when they walk through that area, the lights will automatically turn on.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION
• BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
• ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0      LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1      REVIEW OF PIR SENSORS AND ITS APPLICATION
2.2     THE ROLE OF SENSORS IN YOUR HOME SECURITY
2.3      TYPES OF MOTION SENSORS
2.4       OTHER MOTION SENSOR FEACTURES

CHAPTER THREE

3.0      CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY

3.1      BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM

3.2      CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.3      CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

3.4      SYSTEM OPERATION

3.5      COMPONENTS LIST

3.6     DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS USED

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0       RESULT ANALYSIS

4.1      CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING

4.2      ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS

4.3      CONSRUCTION OF THE CASING

4.4     TESTING

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSIONS
• RECOMMENDATION

5.3     REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION

1.1                                         BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

An automatic electric light switching system with proximity sensor is a circuit that will control the main switch which will be turned on only if a person is detected; it is based on PIR sensor. The system will detect the presence or motion of the people or objects and give the appropriate output according to the circuit. In general, motion detector uses different types of sensors like Passive infrared sensor (which will detect the motion of the person using the person body heat), which is also known as ultrasonic sensor (It produces acoustic signals which will detect the motion of a person) etc.  There are some automatic electric light switching systems with proximity sensor that will use different technology and include number of sensors to reduce the false triggering and increase the accuracy in motion detection.

1.1                                         BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

The first automatic light control system was invented in the early 1950s by Samuel Bango, and which was a burglar alarm. He applied the fundamentals of a radar to ultrasonic waves – a frequency to detect fire or thief and that which human beings cannot hear. Samuel motion detector is based on the principle of Doppler Effect. Nowadays, most of the motion detectors work on the principle of Samuel Bango’s detector. IR sensors and microwave sensors can detect motion by the alterations in the frequencies they emit [L Cerruti, 1995].

An automatic electric light switching system with proximity sensor are used as security systems in banks, offices and shopping malls, and also as intruder alarm in home. The prevailing motion detectors can stop serious accidents by sensing the persons who are in close proximity to the detector. We can observe motion detectors in shopping malls or stores with automatic doors. The main element in the motion detector circuit is the dual infrared reflective sensor or any other detecting sensor [Y. Kaneko, 2007].

An automatic electric light switching system with proximity sensor contains an optical, microwave, or acoustic sensor, and in many cases a transmitter for illumination. However, a passive sensor only senses a signal emitted by the moving object itself. Changes in the optical, microwave, or acoustic field in the device’s proximity are interpreted by the electronics based on one of the technologies listed below. Most inexpensive motion detectors can detect up to distances of at least 15 feet (5 meters). Specialized systems are more expensive but have much longer ranges. Tomographic motion detection systems can cover much larger areas because the radio waves are at frequencies which penetrate most walls and obstructions, and are detected in multiple locations, not just at the location of the transmitter [Y. Kaneko, 2007].

An automatic electric light switching system with proximity sensor system has found wide use in domestic and commercial applications. One common application is activation of automatic door openers in businesses and public buildings. automatic security light control and motion detection systems are also widely used in lieu of a true occupancy sensor in activating street lights or indoor lights in walkways (such as lobbies and staircases). In such “Smart Lighting” systems, energy is conserved by only powering the lights for the duration of a timer, after which the person has presumably left the area. An automatic security light control and motion detection system may be among the sensors of a burglar alarm that is used to alert the home owner or security service when it detects the motion of a possible intruder. Such a detector may also trigger a security camera in order to record the possible intrusion [C.F. Pulvari, 2007].

1.3                                                  PROBLEM STATEMENT

As we see large amount of power is wasted in day to day life just because of human tendency of being lazy. As we know 1 unit of power saved is equal to the 1 unit of power produced. So this wasted energy can be conserved and can be contribute to large amount of saving of energy. This system is used to switch ON/OFF electric bulb on detecting human presence.

1.3                                             OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The objective of this work is construct a device that is use is to illuminate an area when a person walks by so that he or she can see well. Many people place this device in their backyards or even in their houses so that when they walk through that area, the lights will automatically turn on.

1.4                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

Apart from illuminating our environment, an automatic electric light switching system with proximity sensor can be used as the top dog of your security system, because it is the main device that detects when someone is in your home when they should not be. This device uses one or multiple technologies to detect movement in an area. If a sensor is tripped, a signal is sent to your security system’s control panel, which connects to your monitoring center, alerting you and the monitoring center to a potential threat in your home.

1.5                                              PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The main purpose of an automatic electric light switching system with proximity sensor is to sense person’s movement then lighten the environment the movement was detected.

1.6                                          APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

An automatic electric bulb switching system with proximity sensor system is a stand guard, ready to react to various situations, such as movement in your living room, windows or doors being opened or closed, or a broken window. Thus, automatic electric bulb switching system with proximity sensor lights are very popular and being increased in use. Businesses use them all the time such as for bathrooms, when a person walks in, the lights turn on. Or many times they are used in grocery stores for when you pass through an aisle or open up a refrigerator door in the freezer aisles. The applications are numerous.

An automatic electric bulb switching system with proximity sensor can:

1. Alert you in the event that your teen breaks curfew
2. Trigger a doorbell when someone approaches the front door

• Alert you when kids enter restricted areas in the home, like the basement, workout room, or medicine cabinet

1. Save energy by using motion and proximity sensor lighting in unoccupied spaces
2. Notify you if pets enter areas where they’re not supposed to be

1.7                                       LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT
This device has some problem such as:

1. it has a limited distance to detect the human presence
2. if the proximity sensor is not mounted securely, normal vibration, sign, plants and neon light can trigger the door open.
3. It cannot detect the small objects such as insects or raindrop.
4. Things may trigger the proximity detector that you don’t want to. An outside detector mounted too close to a light that stays on at night, will be triggered continuously by bugs.
5. The set shutoff time of the proximity sensor may be too short (maybe only 30 seconds). For outside lights with a human detector, if you want more “on time”, it’s best to buy a model with an adjustable shutoff time.
6. The reliability of a human sensor may also be affected by rapid environmental changes and direct sunlight. Also, things like a fireplace, and direct wind from an air conditioner or heater. This is because a PIR sensor actually detects changes in infrared energy – specifically, the “heat energy” emitted by normal human skin temperature.

1.8                          PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the automatic electric bulb switching system with proximity sensor. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of an automatic electric bulb switching system with proximity sensor were discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of automatic electric bulb switching system with proximity sensor. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.