Design And Construction Of A Remote Control Gate Using Atmega16 Microcontroller

ABSTRACT

This work is titled design and construction of automatic or remote controlled gate. Remote control gate is a technology that involves using remote to control a gate. This device uses remote to control the automatic closing and opening a gate.

A remote-control gate is a handy little electronic device that makes it possible to get into the garage without leaving the car or heaving up the heavy door yourself. The opener remotely sends an infrared or IR signal to a receiver that triggers a switch, prompting an electric motor to open or close the garage door. Before any garage door remote works correctly it must be within the specified range of its IR signal-sending strength. If it is within range but still does not work, there are ways to fix it.

The circuit was designed, and developed using pulse width modulation (PWM) which is generated using Atmega16 microprocessor. PWM method was used to vary the speed of the DC motor. To make it, IR transmitter and IR sensor was used. There are two sections in the circuit: (1) PWM generator with IR modulator and (2) IR receiver and motor driver.  The transmitter generates PWM wave of 50hz (20ms) and modulates it over 38KHz frequency. The IR sensor on receiver side will demodulate the PWM wave and drives the DC motor.

This work is aimed at constructing a remote control gate using atmega16 microprocessor.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

ACRONYMS AND THEIR MEANING

CHAPTER ONE

1.0      INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

• AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
• LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• REVIEW OF TYPES OF GATE OPERATOR
• REVIEW OF TYPES OF GATE OPERATOR
• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF REMOTE CONTROL
• DESCRIPTION OF AN ELECTRIC MOTOR
• APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRIC MOTOR
• TYPES OF MOTOR CONTROLLERS

CHAPTER THREE

3.0      METHODOLOGY

3.1      BLOCK DIAGRAM

3.2      REMOTE CONTROL GATE CIRCUIT

3.3      CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

3.4      CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

3.5      PROGRAM CODE

3.6      POWER SUPPLY UNIT

3.7      DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS USED

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULT ANALYSIS

4.1    CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING

4.2      DESIGN VALIDATION

4.3      BREADBOARD IMPLEMENTATION

4.4      VERO BOARD IMPLEMENTATION

4.5      CASING AND PACKAGING

4.6      ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS

4.7     TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION

4.8      SERVICING TECHNIQUES OF REMOTE CONTROLLED GATE

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION

REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION

1.1                                           BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Remote control gate is a technology that involves using remote to control a gate. This device uses remote to control the closing and opening of a gate automatically.

A remote-control gate is a handy little electronic device that makes it possible to get into the garage without leaving the car or heaving up the heavy door yourself. The opener remotely sends an infrared or IR signal to a receiver that triggers a switch, prompting an electric motor to open or close the garage door. Before any garage door remote works correctly it must be within the specified range of its IR signal-sending strength [1]. If it is within range but still does not work, there are ways to fix it.

The circuit was designed, and developed using pulse width modulation (PWM) which is generated by a microprocessor. PWM method was used to power  the DC motor. To make it, IR transmitter and IR sensor was used. There are two sections in the circuit: (1) PWM generator with IR modulator and (2) IR receiver and motor driver.  The transmitter generates PWM wave of 50hz (20ms) and modulates it over 38KHz frequency [1]. The IR sensor on receiver side will demodulate the PWM wave and drives the DC motor.

The pulse width modulation can be achieved in several ways. In the present project, the PWM generation is done using Atmega16. In order to have better speed regulation and the required pulse that will move the motor, it is required to have a feedback from the motor. The feedback can be taken either by using a tacho-generator or an optical encoder or the back EMF itself can be used .In present project, we implemented the feedback by using the EMF of the armature as the feedback signal. Speed control means intentional change of drive speed to a value required for performing the specific work process [2]. This concept of speed control or adjustment should not be taken to include the natural change in speed which occurs due to change in the load on the shaft.

• AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The main aim of this work is to design a device that will control the closing and opening of a gate or door automatically using Atmega16. The objectives of the study include:

1. To build a low cost remote control door or gate prototype
2. To reduce human labour

• To control the opening and closing of our door or gate remotely

1.2                              SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

1. a) Rapid Results – It is quick and easy to configure, giving results in seconds
2. b) Reliability and Ease of Use – It produces high quality results with high repeatability allowing for
3. c) Rapid and reliable decision making
4. d) Rugged and Reliable – It is a circuit with outstanding durability for field use
5. e) Simple User-friendly interface

1.4                                        PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The purpose of this project is to build a system that can independently and wirelessly control the opening and closing of a gate. To do this, the system will need 4 core components: an input system for the transmitter, a wireless transmitter, a wireless receiver, and a motor controller connected to the receiver.

1.5                                           LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

1.if the remote batteries get low it can affect the operation of the system

2. it is not possible to interface keyboard and display.